Kazakhstan.

Run by the Astana International Financial Centre under art. 5-1 of the Constitutional Statute on the AIFC. A foreigner who invests at least USD 60,000 (or equivalent) in eligible instruments (shares or units of AIFC funds or entities, securities listed on the Astana International Exchange, capital of an AIFC-registered entity; from 2026 also digital assets on AFSA-licensed platforms, minimum USD 150,000) receives an Investment Resident Certificate for up to five years and, on the AIFC's request, an investor visa or a temporary residence permit for himself or herself and family under Kazakh migration law, plus tax benefits. The Kazakh government's immigrant rules provide temporary residence for AIFC investment residents for one year, renewable up to five years, and investor visas of up to five years (para. 19-1 added in March 2021, before this programme, so an earlier AIFC investment-residence status existed; its rules were not found). Launched 2022-09-14: date the 2022 Regulations (No. 42) were enacted; they commence on publication on the AIFC website, a date not printed. Replaced by Regulations No. 57 of 6 August 2026 and Rules No. 5 (commencing 6 August 2026), which keep USD 60,000, add the digital-asset option and require three full-time jobs for Kazakh citizens on the share-capital option. Fees: USD 7,750 (main applicant) in the 2024 fee table; at least USD 8,990 including taxes under the 2026 rules. Separate from the government investor visa for USD 300,000 introduced in 2025 (kaz-investor-visa, proposed by the leads-africa-asia-americas pass). No counts found.

A foreigner who has invested the equivalent of at least USD 300,000 in the charter capital of a Kazakh company or in local listed securities (with a maturity of over 10 years, per MyBuh) within the 12 months before applying gets a petition for an investor visa valid for up to 10 years and can then obtain a residence permit for up to 10 years. Created by amendments to the Rules for issuing a petition for an investor visa (Order No. 1265 of the Minister for Investment and Development, 29 Dec 2015), approved on 30 April 2025 per the Foreign Ministry and in force ten days after official publication; the amending order and its in-force date were not read (adilet.zan.kz and gov.kz could not be fetched), so launched is empty. The 2015 investor visa itself predates the USD 300,000 threshold; whether it had a stated minimum was not checked. Press reports in August 2026 say the President asked Parliament to pass a law on the 'golden visa' and a new migration law quickly; not followed. Ordinary naturalisation in Kazakhstan requires 5 years' permanent residence; no investor route to citizenship found. No counts found (a 2025 headline asks how many investor applications were approved; not read).